外科重症病人脑电双频指数指导靶控输注咪达唑仑的镇静效果

目的评价外科重症监护病房(SICU)病人脑电双频指数(BIS)指导靶控输注(TCI)咪达唑仑的镇静效果。方法SICU病人30例,随机分为3组(n=10):A组采用恒速输注咪达唑仑0．06 mg·kg-1·h-1镇静;B组采用咪达唑仑TCI镇静,初始血浆靶浓度为60 ng/ml;C组在BIS指导下咪达唑仑TCI镇静,初始血浆靶浓度为60 ng／ml。每30 min采用Ramsay镇静评分评估镇静深度,若Ramsay镇静评分小于或大于4分,则A组输注速率增加或减少0．02 mg·kg-1·h-1,B组血浆靶浓度增加或减少20 ng／ml。C组若BIS大于或小于70,则血浆靶浓度增加或减少20 ng／ml。B、C组均随机抽取30份2 ml动脉血样,测定咪达唑仑血药浓度,用偏离性和精密度评价TCI系统的性能。结果咪达唑仑TCI系统的偏离性为12．5％,精密度为22．5％。咪达唑仑实测血药浓度与Ramsay镇静评分的相关系数为0．67(P<0．05)。镇静过程中C组Ramsay镇静评分4分所占比例(54％)高于A组(28％)和B组(40％)(P<0．01)。结论咪达唑仑TCI系统的性能可靠,用于SICU病人以BIS为70调控咪达唑仑TCI,可产生良好的镇静效果。     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

多拉司琼与枢复宁预防术后恶心呕吐的效果

本研究比较新型5-羟色胺(5-HT3)受体阻断药多拉司琼(dolasetron)和枢复宁对腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)的预防作用,以评价多拉司琼对PONV的预防作用。资料与方法一般资料选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期全麻腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术患者90例,随机分     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

手术体积描计指数在腹腔镜手术中镇痛深度监测的应用

<正>全麻中镇静深度可以用BIS、状态熵(state entropy,SE)和反应熵(response entropy,RE)、EEG等监测。痛觉在清醒患者中是一种主观感受,麻醉状态下,神经系统对外界刺激的反应称为伤害性反应。在中枢神经系统水平,伤害性信息激活交感神经通路导致下丘脑和垂体激素分泌     

瑞芬太尼使颈椎手术患者麻醉恢复期耐受气管导管的95％有效血浆靶浓度

目的 确定瑞芬太尼使颈椎手术患者麻醉恢复期耐受气管导管的95％有效血浆靶浓度(EC95).方法 择期全麻下行颈椎手术的患者30例,性别不限,年龄18 ～ 60岁,体重50 ～ 80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用全凭静脉麻醉,麻醉恢复期靶控输注瑞芬太尼进行镇静镇痛,采用连续重新评估法确定EC95.每3例患者作为一组,每组瑞芬太尼的血浆靶浓度(Cp)相同,将瑞芬太尼Cp在1.0～3.5 μg/L范围内预先设定6个靶浓度,分别为1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5 μg/L,第1组瑞芬太尼Cp为3.0 μg/L,每组试验完成后,根据镇静镇痛情况以及各浓度的先验概率,计算每组各浓度的后验概率,以最接近95％的浓度作为下一组Cp.根据各浓度的后验概率绘制浓度-效应曲线,计算EC95及其95％可信区间.结果 瑞芬太尼使颈椎手术患者麻醉恢复期耐受气管导管的EC95及其95％可信区间为2.77 μg/L(2.65 ～ 2.83 μg/L).结论 瑞芬太尼使颈椎手术患者麻醉恢复期耐受气管导管的EC95为2.77 μg/L.     

羟考酮与舒芬太尼对腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹早期循环功能影响的比较

羟考酮是目前唯一纯阿片μ、κ受体双重激动药,对内脏痛治疗独具优势[1]。已有大量的文献针对羟考酮用于腹腔镜术后疼痛的研究,而对于羟考酮在腹腔镜手术对气腹所致血流动力学影响的研究国内外报道较少。本文通过观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)气腹对循环功能的影响,对比羟考酮与舒芬太尼的作用,为临床用药提供参考。     

下肢手术病人超声引导腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞的效果

腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞广泛用于下肢手术,其效果取决于准确的神经定位和局麻药的均匀扩散,临床常规采用异感法进行神经定位,但此方法易引起神经损伤、局麻药误入血管或硬膜外腔等并发症[1].虽然神经刺激器有助于神经定位,但难于确保局麻药均匀扩散,仍有一定的失败率.超声引导坐骨神经阻滞取得了良好的效果[2].本研究拟评价下肢手术病人超声引导腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞的效果.     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨重组人骨形态发生蛋白2在内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤时的作用及可能的机制。方法:实验于2005-07/2006-03在中国医科大学附属第一医院麻醉实验室完成。①Wistar大鼠60只随机数字法分成3组,每组20只。空白对照组:股静脉1.5h内输注生理盐水5mL;内毒素对照组:经股静脉1h内输注生理盐水3mL,然后再输注内毒素8mg/kg(溶于2mL生理盐水中),30min内输注完毕;重组人骨形态发生蛋白2处理组:骨形态发生蛋白210μg/kg溶于3mL生理盐水中,经股静脉1h内输注,然后输注内毒素(方法如上)。②输液结束后6h,取大鼠肺组织标本,苏木精-伊红染色后观察肺组织形态学的变化;检测肺组织湿/干质量比、肺水含量、肺通透指数等指标反映肺损伤程度;检测丙二醛、一氧化氮、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶、超氧化物歧化酶及髓过氧化物酶的活性来反映氧自由基的代谢;反转录聚合酶链反应、蛋白印迹杂交检测肺组织肿瘤坏死因子、核因子кB、细胞间黏附分子1mRNA与蛋白表达;Kaplan-Meier曲线分析4,6,8,10,12h生存率。结果:①内毒素对照组可见渗出增多,肺泡内充血,肺泡萎陷、断裂融合;重组人骨形态发生蛋白2处理组血管周围炎性细胞浸润,毛细血管扩张肺泡腔内出血减少,炎性细胞浸润较内毒素对照组减少,肺小动脉内膜损伤减轻。②与空白对照组比较,内毒素对照组肺组织湿/干质量比、肺通透指数、丙二醛、一氧化氮含量、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶、髓过氧化物酶活性增加(P<0.01),与内毒素对照组比较,重组人骨形态发生蛋白2处理组各指标值增加(P<0.01)。③与空白对照组、重组人骨形态发生蛋白2处理组比较,内毒素对照组肿瘤坏死因子α、核因子кB、细胞间黏附分子1的蛋白及mRNA表达显著增加(灰度值比为:0.11±0.03,0.26±0.09,0.49±0.13;吸光度值比为:0.17±0.05,0.37±0.09,1.22±0.18;P<0.01)。④在重组人骨形态发生蛋白2预处理组,注射内毒素后4,6,8,10,12h的生存率明显增加(P<0.01)。结论:重组人骨形态发生蛋白2通过抑制核因子кB、肿瘤坏死因子α、细胞间黏附分子1蛋白表达,增强超氧化物歧化酶活性,抑制诱导型一氧化氮合成酶、髓过氧化物酶活性,减少内毒素致急性肺损伤后肺部的炎性反应及氧化应激反应,从而减轻肺损伤程度。     

脾切除术对大鼠海马tau表达的影响

目的 评价脾切除术对大鼠海马tau表达的影响.方法 SD大鼠105只,随机分为3组,正常对照组(A组,n=15)不给予任何处理,麻醉组(B组,n=45)仅吸入1.5%异氟醚2 h,手术+麻醉组(C组,n=45)吸入1.5%异氟醚(吸入2 h)麻醉下实施脾切除术.B组和C组分别于麻醉后或术后1、3、7 d时处死15只大鼠,取海马组织,测定海马IL-1β mRNA、TNF-α mRNA、IL-1β、TNF-α、总tau、苏氨酸第205位点磷酸化tau(pT205 tau)、丝氨酸第396位点磷酸化tau(pS396 tau)、总糖原合成酶-3β(GSK-3β)和磷酸化GSK-3β(p-GSK-3β)的表达水平.结果 与A组比较,B组各时点IL-1β mRNA、TNF-α mRNA、IL-1β、TNF-α、总tau、pT205 tau、pS396 tau、GSK-3β和p-GSK-3β的表达水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),C组术后IL-1βmRNA、TNF-α mRNA、IL-1β、pT205 tau和pS396 tau的表达上调,p-GSK-3β表达下调(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 手术创伤可导致大鼠海马tau磷酸化,其机制与手术创伤诱发炎性反应,从而激活GSK-3β有关.